腹壁可触及肿物的成像鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他发炎.. Urachal Cyst 脐尿管囊肿A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )脐尿管囊肿载于脐和食道之间，通常位于脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可载于仅位于脐下。这些囊肿可平庸为实质上无调谐或低调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 布11A，脐尿管囊肿，此囊肿已受感染，内部含有微弱调谐的液体。B，脐尿管囊肿，错愕的囊肿前壁产生光线伪影。

..Endometriosis输卵管增生异位Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).结节输卵管增生异位是输卵管手术后的长年合并症，无类似平庸，但可于以前手术的瘢痕出口处见一均匀分布肿物，并有不稳定开放性的疼痛和出血。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 布12 ，剖宫产伤疤出口处输卵管增生异位

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 结节血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).颊直肌鞘血肿可发生地猝死开放性咳嗽后、小便或癫痫猝死后，其根本原因通常是抗凝治疗或出血开放性哮喘。由于血肿受到限制于颊直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所出口处所在位置而定，在弓状线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴排列成上下方向，可于一侧碰到（布13A）；在弓状线以下，由于颊白线缺如，可扩大偏西中线，因此血肿平庸为分叶状，其最大长度位于横轴上。在早产结节血肿可载于脐上侧向扩大（布13B、C）。术后星体开放性肾脏内心血管的病童可于结节手术瘢痕附近碰到大的血肿（布13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 布13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后颊直肌鞘血肿，箭头引导颊横脊柱。B，早产结节血肿。C，一早产脐静脉覆有出口处上面的结节血肿。UV，脐静脉。D，一星体开放性肾脏内心血管的剖宫产术后病童疤痕出口处结节血肿。

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